Impedance-based diagnostics assess battery performance in secondary lithium cells, under transient thermal loads. Employing analyzing the impedance response of the battery across a spectrum of frequencies, valuable insights can be derived regarding the internal resistance, charge transfer kinetics, and overall durability of the lithium-ion battery system. More precisely, EIS https://pruseqbng.isblog.net/operational-qualification-protocol-powder-compaction-density-data-logging-instruments-53987648